Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS): A Comprehensive Overview
History of ECDIS
The concept of ECDIS began in the mid-1980s when the
International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Hydrographic
Organization (IHO) started discussions on electronic charts. The first
Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) was patented in 1986 by Mortimer Rogoff,
Peter Winkler, and John N. Ackley with Navigation Sciences, Inc. The IMO
adopted performance standards for electronic charts in the 1990s, and in 2000,
the revised Chapter V (Safety of Navigation) of the International Convention for
the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) came into force, allowing ECDIS to be
accepted as meeting chart carriage requirements.
Usage of ECDIS
ECDIS is a navigation information system that displays
selected information from a System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC) with
positional information from navigation sensors. It assists mariners in route
planning and monitoring, providing continuous positional and navigational
safety information. ECDIS can be used as an alternative to paper charts,
offering real-time information, route monitoring, automatic estimated time of
arrival (ETA) calculation, and ENC updating. It integrates with other
navigational equipment such as GPS, RADAR, ARPA, and Echo Sounder, enhancing
navigational safety and reducing the navigator's workload.
Updates in ECDIS
ECDIS technology has evolved significantly over the years.
The transition to the S-100 Universal Hydrographic Data Model by the IHO aims
to create a unified, interactive suite of products and standards. The S-101
product specification is under development for the production and publishing of
ENCs2. Updates to ECDIS include improved chart correction processes, enhanced
integration with other navigational systems, and the ability to tailor charts
to specific voyage requirements.
Maintenance of ECDIS
Maintaining ECDIS involves regular updates to ensure the
accuracy and reliability of the system. This includes updating the electronic
charts, ensuring the software is up-to-date, and performing routine checks on
the hardware1. Maintenance also involves training the crew on the proper use
and troubleshooting of the system to ensure its effective operation.
Testing of ECDIS
Testing ECDIS involves verifying that the system meets the
performance standards set by the IMO. This includes type approval testing to
ensure the system complies with the IEC 61174 standard for ECDIS1. Testing also
involves checking the integration with other navigational equipment and
ensuring that the system provides accurate and reliable information.
Conclusion
ECDIS has revolutionized marine navigation by providing a safer, more efficient, and cost-effective alternative to traditional paper charts1. Its continuous evolution and updates ensure that it remains a vital tool for mariners, enhancing navigational safety and reducing operational costs.